Vim基本操作
参考文章：
- https://killercoda.com/vim 在线课程，直接操作，互动好，强推！
- 史上最全Vim快捷键键位图（入门到进阶）
最常用的操作
| Command | 功能 | Mode |
|---|---|---|
:u0 |
reset first to undo all changes | |
u |
undo | normal mode |
| w | move forward one word (next alphanumeric word) | |
| 5w | move forward five words | |
| b | move backward one word (previous alphanumeric word) | |
| 5b | move backward five | |
shift+6 (^) |
移动到行头 | C2 |
shift+4 ($) |
移动到行尾 | C3 |
数字+shift+g |
移动到目标行，数字为行号 | |
:30 |
normal mode | Type :30 to jump to line 30 |
| gg | 到文件头部 | |
| G | 到文件尾部 | |
| dd | 删除当前行 | |
[n]d + Enter |
删除n+1行，2d然后Enter, 删除当前行在内之后的3行。 |
|
[n]dd + Enter |
Cut n行，2d然后Enter, 删除当前行在内之后的2行。 |
|
| yy or Y | 复制整行文本。 | |
| 3yy | 复制3整行文本。 | |
yw |
Copy to the start of next word | |
| p | 在光标之后粘贴。 | |
| P | 在光标之前粘贴。 |
Mode
| Mode | Description |
|---|---|
| Normal | Default mode for navigation and manipulation of text and it can always be activated by pressing Esc |
| Insert | Used for inserting/manipulating the text by using all keyboard keys. Not any Normal mode commands is active in this mode |
| Visual | Used for navigation and manipulation of text selections. Allows the use of most Normal mode commands on selected text |
Insert mode
| Command | Description | Mode |
|---|---|---|
| i | 进入insert-mode | |
o |
Insert new line below the current line | 进入insert-mode |
O |
Insert new line above the current line | 进入insert-mode |
a |
Append after cursor | 进入insert-mode |
A |
Append at end of line | 进入insert-mode |
s |
Delete the character cursor is currently on | 进入insert-mode |
C |
Delete all after cursor position | 进入insert-mode |
普通模式
| Press Keyboard | Mode | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| Esc | 返回normal mode | normal mode is default mode |
:x |
command-mode | save and quit |
:wq |
command-mode | same as :x |
:q |
command-mode | quit |
:q! |
command-mode | force quit |
:set number |
command-mode | to show the line numbers |
:30 |
normal mode | Type :30 to jump to line 30 You can move to a line by just entering the line number in normal mode |
:goto 700 |
normal mode | jump directly to a character in a file. Type :goto 700 to jump to 第700个character |
search
| Press Keyboard | Mode | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
/ |
search forward | type /search string and press enter. Press n to jump to the next occurrence or N to jump to the previous occurrence |
/\<searchword\> |
search forward | search the whole word，here is “is”. 例如文件里"list is"的list不会match，只有is会被搜索到。 |
/searchword |
Vim allows us to start a search for the current word that the cursor is pointing. 搜索光标所在的单词。Type /li and press Enter Now, press * (asterisk) to search the entire word which is line in our case. You can also press # (hash) to search backwards |
|
? |
search backward | |
:s/old/new |
用new替换当前行第一个old。 | |
:s/old/new/i |
忽略大小写，Ignore Case。用new替换当前行第一个old。 | |
:s/old/new/g |
用new替换当前行所有的old。 | |
:%s/old/new/g |
用new替换文件中所有的old。 |
Search Ignore Case
By default search is case-insensitive. It is possible to ignore case in a search by adding \c to the end of your search string
Type / to enable search mode and type this
It won’t return any results
Type / again and type this\c this time and notice that search finds string This which has a capital letter
You can also ignore case indefinitely for the current session
Type :set ignorecase or :set ic
To revert it back, Type :set noignorecase or :set noic
To make it default for vim, you need to add it to ~/.vimrc file
Press Esc and type :q! to quit without saving
navigate
| navigate in a file Shortcut Key | Function |
|---|---|
enter ]] or G |
To get to the last line |
enter [[ or gg |
To get to the first line |
| $ | moves the cursor to the end of the line |
| ^ | moves the cursor to the first non-empty character of the line |
| w | move forward one word (next alphanumeric word) |
| W | move forward one word (delimited by a white space) |
| 5w | move forward five words |
| b | move backward one word (previous alphanumeric word) |
| B | move backward one word (delimited by a white space) |
| 5b | move backward five words |
| Ctrl + f | moves the cursor one page down |
| Ctrl + b | moves the cursor one page up |
| h | moves the cursor one character to the left |
| j or Ctrl + J | moves the cursor down one line |
| k or Ctrl + P | moves the cursor up one line |
| l | moves the cursor one character to the right |
| 0 | moves the cursor to the beginning of the line |
Delete
Type 3d and press Enter to delete the first 4 lines. Notice that deleting is a 0 indexed operation with d command so try with 1d and notice that it will remove 2 lines below
Type D to remove the content of the line but not the line itself
Delete all lines in Vim
Type gg to get to first line
Type dG to clear the file completely
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dd | 删除当前行 |
[n]d + Enter |
删除n+1行，2d然后Enter, 删除当前行在内之后的3行。deleting is a 0 indexed operation with d command so try with 1d and notice that it will remove 2 lines below |
d<left-arrow> |
Delete current and left character |
d<right-arrow> |
Delete current and right character |
d<up-arrow> |
Delete current and upper line |
d<down-arrow> |
Delete current and bottom line |
d$ |
Delete from current position to end of line |
d^ |
Delete from current backward to first character |
dO |
Delete from current backward to beginning of line |
dw |
Delete current to end of current word |
db |
Delete current to beginning of current word |
Copy, Cut & Paste
ress Esc and type yy to copy the line (y is short for yank)
Type :2 to jump to line 2 and type p to paste the content to line 3
Repeat the operation by pressing dd to cut a line and p to paste the content
Type :u0 to undo all changes since opening to reset
Type :4 and get to line 4 and type 3yy to copy the current and next 2 lines
Type gg to get to the top and type P to paste these 3 lines before the cursor
Replace 3yy with 3dd to cut instead of copy and reply the operation if you wish
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
y$ |
Copy all from current to end of line |
y^ |
Copy all from current to start of line |
yw |
Copy to the start of next word |
yiw |
Copy the current word |
Advanced
多行缩进
To indent multiple lines using vim you should set the shiftwidth using :set shiftwidth=2.
Then mark multiple lines using Shift v and the up/down keys.
To then indent the marked lines press Shift + > or < and to repeat the action press .
Comment out multiple lines
You’ll often need to comment/uncomment multiple lines in a config file. You can perform this operation conveniently in Visual mode
Type gg to get to top and press Shift + V to activate Visual mode in block mode and notice that all text in the current line is selected
Type 2j or use down-arrow key to select the first 3 lines
Type :s/^/# to replace the first character with #
Sorting
Make a reset first to undo all changes by typing :u0
Make sure you are on top or type gg to get to the beginning of file
Press Shift + V to activate Visual mode in block mode
Press G to select all text
Type :sort ui and notice that the text is sorted
other
光标移动：
+或Enter: 把光标移至下一行第一个非空白字符。
-: 把光标移至上一行第一个非空白字符。
w: 前移一个单词，光标停在下一个单词开头；
W: 移动下一个单词开头，但忽略一些标点；
e: 前移一个单词，光标停在下一个单词末尾；
E: 移动到下一个单词末尾，如果词尾有标点，则移动到标点；
b: 后移一个单词，光标停在上一个单词开头；
B: 移动到上一个单词开头，忽略一些标点；
剪切和复制
[n]x: 剪切光标右边n个字符，相当于d[n]l。
[n]X: 剪切光标左边n个字符，相当于d[n]h。
y: 复制在可视模式下选中的文本。
yy or Y: 复制整行文本。
y[n]w: 复制一(n)个词。
y[n]l: 复制光标右边1(n)个字符。
y[n]h: 复制光标左边1(n)个字符。
y$: 从光标当前位置复制到行尾。
y0: 从光标当前位置复制到行首。
:m,ny
y1G或ygg: 复制光标以上的所有行。
yG: 复制光标以下的所有行。
d: 删除（剪切）在可视模式下选中的文本。
d$ or D: 删除（剪切）当前位置到行尾的内容。
d[n]w: 删除（剪切）1(n)个单词
d[n]l: 删除（剪切）光标右边1(n)个字符。
d[n]h: 删除（剪切）光标左边1(n)个字符。
d0: 删除（剪切）当前位置到行首的内容
p: 在光标之后粘贴。
P: 在光标之前粘贴。
查找和替换
/something: 在后面的文本中查找something。
?something: 在前面的文本中查找something。
n: 向后查找下一个。
N: 向前查找下一个。
:s/old/new - 用new替换当前行第一个old。
:s/old/new/g - 用new替换当前行所有的old。
:%s/old/new/g - 用new替换文件中所有的old。
